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203 |
Completion of the Arch of Septimus Severus in the Roman Forum.
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204 |
Birth of the Emperor Philip the Arab. Christian writer Tertullian
completes his work The Crown. |
204 |
Secular Games (Ludi saeculares) celebrated throughout the Empire |
205 |
First consulship of the Roman historian Dio
Cassius. |
207 |
Birth of the Emperor Aemilian on the island Jerba in Africa. |
208 |
Birth of the Emperor Alexander Severus, in the city of Caesarea. |
209 |
Emperor Septimus Severus campaigns in Britain against the Caledonians. |
211 |
Death of Septimius Severus in Britain. Caracalla and Geta, Severus'
sons rule as joint emperors. Geta murdered by Caracalla 10 months later
making him sole emperor. |
212 |
The Constitutio Antoniniana, issued by Caracalla, confers citizenship
on all free men in the Empire. |
213 |
Birth of the Emperor Gallienus. |
214 |
Birth of the Emperor Aurelian, in the province of Lower Moesia. |
215 |
The Emperor Caracalla issues a new form of silver coinage, the Antoninianus. |
216 |
New wars against Parthia. The baths of Caracalla are completed in
Rome.
Caracalla makes concessions to the Jews, exempting them from taxes for
the first time since Julius Caesar. |
217 |
Death of the Emperor Caracalla (Assassinated by Julius Martialis,
an officer of the imperial bodyguard). Macrinus, the Praetorian Prefect
under Caracalla, is hailed by the troops as the new emperor. He is the
first emperor to be drawn out of the Roman Ordo Equester. |
218 |
Marcrinus defeated by rebel forces near Antioch and executed. Elagabalus,
nephew of Caracalla, is hailed as emperor after the defeat of Macrinus. |
220 |
Emperor Elagabalus establishes the Syrian sun god of whom he is priest,
El Gabal, as a major Roman god. |
222 |
Elagabalus is murdered while in a latrine by the Praetorian Guard.
Severus Alexander is hailed as the new emperor of Rome. |
224 |
Birth of the Emperor Carus, who was born in the city of Narbo in
Gaul. |
225 |
Birth of the Emperor Gordian III. |
230 - 232 |
The Sassanid dynasty of Persia launches a war to reconquer lost lands
in the Roman east. |
232 |
Birth of the Emperor Probus, in the town of Sirmium. |
233 |
Alexander Severus begins to campaign against the Alemmani on the
Rhine. |
234 |
Pannonian troops proclaim Maximinus Thrax as emperor. |
235 |
Death of the Emperor Alexander Severus, who was killed when his troops
mutinied near the town of Moguntiacum. Maximinus Thrax is recognized
by the senate as emperor. Thrax continues the campaign against the Alemmani
successfully. |
235 |
Death of the historian Dio
Cassius. |
235 |
Gordianus I and Gordianus II assume emperorship of North Africa. |
236 - 237 |
Maximinus Thrax begins to campaign against the revived tribes of
the Dacians and Sarmatians. |
237 - 238 |
Persians invade the Roman province of Mesopotamia. |
238 |
Year of the 6 emperors.
Death of the Emperor Maximinus Thrax, who was killed when his soldiers
mutinied. Death of the Emperor Gordian I, who hanged himself. Death
of the Emperor Gordian II, who was killed in battle. Death of the Emperor
Pupienus Maximus, who was killed when his bodyguard lynched him. Death
of the Emperor Balbinus, who was beaten and dragged naked through the
streets of Rome before being killed by the Praetorians. |
239 |
Gordian III sole emperor. Gothic invasion of Lower Moesia is repelled. |
240 |
Birth of the Emperor Diocletian in the province of Dalmatia. A rebellion
under the governor of Africa, Sabinianus, is put down near Carthage. |
242 |
Gordian III marches against the Persian invasion of the East, and
relieves the city of Antioch from siege. |
243 |
Persian occupation of the province of Syria is defeated by a general
named Timesitheus. |
244 |
Death of the Emperor Gordian III, executed by Phillip the Arab who
takes the throne. Phillip negotiates peace with the Persian invaders
in order to deal with the troubles on the Rhine/Danube border. |
245 |
Phillip campaigns against and makes peace with several Germanic tribes.
The future emperor G. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus is born in Dalmatia. |
247 |
Philippus II is proclaimed emperor by the troops who were loyal to
his father. |
248 |
Rome celebrates it's millenium birthday. A rebellion erupts under
a Danube commander, Tiberius Claudius Marinus Pacatianus. Gothic tribes
takevantage and invade the northern provinces. Decius defeats the
invasion of the Goths and resettles Moesia and Pannonia and is proclaimed
emperor by his men. |
249 |
Death of the Emperor Phillip the Arab, who was killed in a battle
near Verona against Decius Trajanus. The Goths, under a King Kniva,
renew their incursions into the Roman Empire. |
250 |
Decius defeats Kniva. Birth of the Emperor Constantius Chlorus, who
was born in Danubian region. Approximate birth of the Emperor Carinus.
Approximate birth of the Emperor Galerius, near the town of Florentiana
in Upper Moesia. Birth of the Emperor Licinius, in the province of Upper
Moesia. Approximate birth of the Emperor Maximian, at the city of Sirmium. |
251 |
Herennius claims the throne backed by his army. Pretender to the
throne, Julius Valens Licianus, is defeated and executed. Death of the
Emperor Decius, who was killed in battle at Abricium against King Kniva
of the Carpic Goths. Trebonius Gallus is proclaimed as emperor. |
251 |
Trebonius Gallus is proclaimed as emperor. |
253 |
Death of Trebonius Gallus. Aemilianus is proclaimed as emperor lasting
only about 4 months. The general Valerian is proclaimed as emperor.
|
253 |
Persian War flares up again, Antioch lost to Persia |
254 |
Marcomani attack and invade the province of Pannonia. The Goths,
under King Kniva, rampage, loot and sack the length of Thrace. |
256 |
The Franks, a Germanic tribe fomerly made up of the the Cherusci
and Chatti, invade Gaul. The Goths launch an attack on Asia Minor. |
257 |
More Persian invasions. |
259 |
A Germanic tribe, the Juthungi (Jutes), cross the Upper Danube and
enter Italy. |
260 |
Jutes defeated by western co-emperor Gallienus. Emperor Valerian
is taken captive by the Persian King Shapur I. Gallienu sole emperor. |
261 - 274 |
Gallic Empire established in Gaul by Postumus (261-268) and Tetricus
(270-274) |
262 |
Plague throughout the empire. |
267 |
Nomadic tribe known as the Heruli invade Greece. |
268 |
Another Goth invasion eventually defeated by Gallienus at Naissus. |
268 |
Murderof the Emperor Gallienus. Claudius II Gothicus as emperor.
Battle of Lake Benacus... Emperor Claudius II Gothicus defeated pretender
M. Acilius Aureolus |
268 |
Battle of Mediolanum, in which Emperor Claudius II Gothicus defeated
a force of the Germanic Alemanni. |
269 |
The new queen of Palmyra, Zenobia, revolts against Rome and attacks
Roman territory. |
269 |
Gothic invaders beaten by Claudius Gothicus again at Naissus. |
270 |
Birth of the Emperor Maximinus II Daia. The Romans abandon the province
of Dacia. The army of Zenobia invades Egypt and enters the city of Alexandria.
Death of the Emperor Claudius II Gothicus, who died of the plague. Succeeded
by Aurelian. |
271 |
Emperor Aurelian defeats the Gothic Chieftain Cannabas. Battle of
Placentia, in which a combined Germanic invasion of the Alemanni, Marcomanni,
and Juthungi defeat a Roman army under the command of the Emperor Aurelian. |
271 |
More revolts: Septimus in Dalmatia, Domitianus in southern Gaul and
Urbanus. Battle of Immae, Aurelian defeats Zenobia of Palmyra. |
272 |
Aurelian campaigns along the Rhine river against the Carpi. |
274 |
Emperor Aurelian drives into Gaul and defeats the breakaway Gallic
empire, re-annexing it. Aurelian defeats the Franks, Jutes and the Batavians. |
274 |
Birth of the future Christian emperor Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantius
(Constantine the Great) in the city of Naissus in Upper Moesia. |
275 |
Death of the Emperor Aurelian, who was stabbed to death by a Praetorian
named Mucapor. Replaced by 75 year old Cornelius Tacitus. |
276 |
Death of Tacitus, replaced by Florian who is murdered. Ascension
of Probus. |
277 |
Emperor Probus begins to campaign in Gaul, clearing the Goths and
Germanic tribes from the province. |
278 |
Probus campaigns against Germanic incursion in Raetia and Vandals
in Illyricum. |
279 |
Birth of the Emperor Maxentius. |
282 |
Death of the Emperor Probus, who was murdered near Sirmium by his
own troops. Carus is proclaimed as ruler in Rome. |
282 |
Carus defeats the Quadi and Sarmatians. Invasion of Persia by the
Emperor Carus. |
283 |
Death of Carus. Carinus succeeds as the emperor in the West, and
Numerian as the emperor in the East. |
284 |
The leader of the Praetorian Guard, named Diocles, assumes the name
Diocletian and the title of emperor in the East after the death of Numerian.
The ascension of Diocletion ends the period of the soldier emperors
and begins a short time of recovery. |
284 |
Emperor Diocletian introduces the Edict of Maximum Prices, which
fixes wages for people and the price of goods. |
285 |
Death of the Emperor Carinus, who was assassinated by his officers
during the battle of Margus Valley in Moesia against Diocletian. |
286 |
Maximian defeats the Bagaudae, a group of rebels and discontented
peasants, in Gaul. Made co-emperor in the west. Emperor Maximian campaigns
along the Rhine River, fighting against the Alemmani and Burgundians. |
290 |
Emperor Diocletian pushes the Saracens out of Syria. |
292 |
Diocletion finished the defeat of the Saracens. |
293 |
Diocletion creates the Tetrarchy (rule of 4) with himself as senior
Augustus, Maximian as junior. Galerius is senior Caesar and Constantius
Chlorus is junior Caesar . |
296 |
Revolt of Alectus and Carausius in Britain. Defeated by Constantius
Chlorus. |
296 |
Emperor Diocletian splits the provinces up in order to lessen the
risk from provincial governors. The new provinces are called Dioceses
and there are six in the East (Orient, Pontus, Asia, Thrace, Moesia,
and Pannonia), and six in the West (Britain, Gaul, Vienne, Italy, Spain,
and Africa). |
297 |
Diocletian publishes an edict proscribing a religious order known
as the Manichaeans. |
297 |
Galerius takes the Persian royal family hostage, and is therefore
able to negotiate for very favorable terms of surrender. |
298 |
Constantius Chlorus repels the incursions of the Alemmani. Diocletian
lays siege to Alexandria against a revolt led by Domitius Domitianus
and Achilleus. Maximian recaptures the lost portions of Africa and subdues
the Moors. Galerius reconquers the province of Mesopotamia. |
