 Last Updated: June 22, 2010 |
Synoptic VocabularyExcerpt from: John S. Hawkins, Horae synopticae, (London, 1909) pp. 1-53, via Ben C. Smith, textexcavation.com |
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Last Updated: June 22, 2010 |
Synoptic VocabularyExcerpt from: John S. Hawkins, Horae synopticae, (London, 1909) pp. 1-53, via Ben C. Smith, textexcavation.com |
Review: - Horae Synopticae pp. 1-53
Introduction - Notes on Formatting by Ben Smith
Matthew - Words and phrases characteristic of Matthew
Mark - Words and phrases characteristic of Mark
Luke - Words and phrases characteristic of Luke
"horae synopticae" - Latin for "synoptic hours". Hawkins named his book after all the time that he spent on the synoptic problem. He compiles list after list of textual phenomena: Historical presents, distinctive vocabulary words, doublets, and many, many others.
Hawkins' work (1909) is quoted repeatedly by Herbert McLachlan and others working in Synoptics and TC, post-1909. It remains a popular reference work, and useful tool.
Exerpt from John S. Hawkins, Horae Synopticae , pages 1-53.
Hawkins lists the words and phrases that are characteristic of each of the synoptics. He defines characteristic words or phrases as follows:
Hawkins varies the statistical requirements between Mark and the other two synoptics because Mark is shorter than either of the others by more than one-third.
Each word or phrase is followed by a breakdown of how many times each synoptic author used it. The format differs from that which Hawkins himself uses, and is rather that which Christopher Tuckett employs in his critique of the two-gospel hypothesis, The Revival of the Greisbach Hypothesis. I do not know offhand if Tuckett is the originator, but it is a technique that I find very useful.
The format is Matthew-Mark-Luke+Acts. So the shorthand 1-2-3+4 means that Matthew uses the word or phrase once, Mark twice, and Luke thrice in his gospel and four times in his acts of the apostles. Hawkins does not figure the instances in the acts into his statistical requirements, but he does count and tabulate instances in the entire new testament, and I include those in the acts for reference.
The format Matthew-Mark-Luke simply omits the acts.
This statistical breakdown is followed by brief notes, if any, that might help to clarify matters. These notes may placed in parentheses (), or accompanied by a dagger † or an asterisk *. Hawkins explains these symbols as follows on page 2:
In the case of each Gospel a few words are placed in brackets () as being less important than the rest, because they are mainly or entirely accounted for by the subject-matter, and therefore give little or no indication of the author's style, although their insertion in the lists was required by the rules here adopted. And there are some other entries marked †, on which, for various reasons, but little stress can be laid. On the other hand an asterisk * is prefixed to the most distinctive and important instances.
Note that, while Hawkins marks the word or phrase itself, I have chosen to mark the notes so as to keep the vocabulary column clean and easy to read.
I have also specially marked the Mattheanisms and Lucanisms that Stephen Carlson identifies with a χ2 test on his weblog. His cut-off point is 100% over the expected value (which means that the word appears at least twice as often as expected in the given text). I mark these statistically significant vocabulary words with a double dagger ‡ to contrast with the single dagger † that Hawkins uses for his less telling category.
To summarize, then, our marks:
All of these marks appear in the notes column. Carlson lists four Matthean words and four Lucan words, on the basis of the χ2 test, that do not appear in Hawkins, and I have included them on my tables. Two of the Matthean and all four of the Lucan words are proper names.
John S. Hawkins
| Word | Instances | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Αιγυπτος | 4-0-0 | ‡ Not in Hawkins. |
| ανατολη | 5-0-2+0 | (Three instances in Matthew 2.1-9 alone.) |
| αναχωρεω | 10-1-0+2 | *‡ |
| ανομια | 4-0-0+0 | ‡ |
| αποδιδωμι | 18-1-8+4 | (Seven times in Matthew 18.25-34 alone.) |
| αργυρια (plural) | 8-0-0+0 | The LXX never has the plural, but has the singular more than 350 times. |
| αρτι | 7-0-0+0 | ‡ Matthew has 3 instances of απ αρτι, John has 2, and Revelation has 1. |
| αστηρ | 5-1-0+0 | Luke has αστρον 1+2 times, and Hebrews has it 1 time. |
| Βαβυλων | 4-0-0 | ‡ Not in Hawkins. |
| βασιλεια των ουρανων | 32-0-0+0 | * |
| βρυγμος των οδοντων | 6-0-1+0 | ‡ Always with κλαυθμος. |
| γαμος | 8-0-2+0 | ‡ (Placed in parentheses, Hawkins.) |
| γενηθητω | 5-0-0+1 | Thrice in Matthew with reference to healing. |
| γενναω | 45-1-4+7 | ‡ (Forty-three times in the Matthean infancy narrative alone, as continually in the LXX genealogies.) |
| γυμνος | 4-2-0+1 | (All instances in Matthew occur in 25.36-44 alone.) |
| δευτε | 6-3-0+0 | - |
| δικαιοσυνη | 7-0-1+4 | ‡ |
| διψαω | 5-0-0+0 | ‡ (Four instances in Matthew 25.35-44 alone.) |
| διωκω | 6-0-3+9 | † |
| δωρον | 9-1-2+0 | ‡ |
| εγερθεις | 8-0-1+0 | Confer αναστας in Luke. |
| εις (used as τις) | 4-1-0+0 | Perhaps also in Matthew 9.18. |
| εκειθεν (in narrative) | 11-3-0+4 | In sayings, 1-2-3+0. |
| ενδυμα | 7-0-1+0 | ‡ |
| ενοχος | 5-2-0+0 | (Four instances in Matthew 5.21-22 alone.) |
| εργαζομαι | 4-1-1+3 | † |
| ερρεθη | 6-0-0+0 | - |
| ευωνυμος | 5-2-0+1 | † Compare αριστερος, 1-1-1+0, Paul 1. |
| ζιζανιον | 8-0-0+0 | ‡ (All Matthean instances occur in 13.25-40.) |
| ηγεμων | 10-1-2+6 | ‡ Used of Pilate, 8-0-1+0 |
| ημερα κρισεως | 4-0-0+0 | See also κρισις. |
| θυσιαστηριον | 6-0-2+0 | - |
| ιδου (after genitive absolute) | 11-0-1+0 | The only Lucan instance is parallel with a Matthean instance. |
| κελευω | 7-0-1+18 | ‡ |
| κερδαινω | 6-1-1+1 | Four Matthean instances in 25.16-22 alone. |
| κλαυθμος | 7-0-1+1 | ‡ See also βρυγμος των οδοντων. |
| κλεπτω | 5-1-1+0 | † |
| κρισις | 12-0-4+1 | ‡ See also ημερα κρισεως. |
| κρυπτω | 7-0-3+0 | ‡ |
| λαμπας | 5-0-0+1 | ‡ (All Matthean instances in 25.1-8.) |
| λεγομενος (used with names) | 13-1-2+2 | * |
| λυπεω | 6-2-0+0 | - |
| μαγος | 4-0-0+2 | ‡ (All Matthean instances occur in 2.1-16.) |
| μεταβαινω | 6-0-1+1 | ‡ |
| μετοικεσια | 4-0-0+0 | ‡ (All Matthean instances occur in 1.11, 12, 17.) |
| μισθος | 10-1-3+1 | - |
| μονον (as adverb) | 7-2-1+8 | - |
| μωρος | 6-0-0+0 | ‡ |
| ξενος | 5-0-0+2 | ‡ (Four instances in Matthew 25.35-44 alone.) |
| οδους | 8-1-1 | ‡ Not in Hawkins. |
| οθεν | 4-0-1+3 | - |
| ολιγοπιστος | 4-0-1+0 | The noun ολιγοπιστια occurs in Matthew 17.20 only. |
| ομνυω | 13-2-1+1 | ‡ The phrase ομνυω εν (translated as by) occurs in Matthew only. Contrast Hebrews 6.13, 16, where κατα is used instead. |
| ομοιοω | 8-1-3+1 | † |
| ομολογεω | 4-0-2+3 | - |
| οναρ | 6-0-0+0 | ‡ All Matthean uses are κατ οναρ. Ενυπνιον and ενυπνιαζομαι are used in the other two mentions of dreams in the new testament, Acts 2.17 (from Joel 2.28) and Jude 8. |
| οπως | 17-1-7+14 | Contrast ινα. |
| ορκος | 4-1-1+1 | † |
| οσος αν or εαν | 6-2-1+2 | † |
| ουρανιος | 7-0-1 | ‡ Not in Hawkins. |
| οχλοι πολλοι | 6-0-2+0 | But Matthew 8.18 and 12.15 are textually questionable. Hawkins does not list this phrase at all in his inventory. Its presence is entirely my own doing. |
| παρθενος | 4-0-2+1 | (Three instances in Matthew 25.1-16 alone.) |
| παρουσια | 4-0-0+0 | ‡All Matthean instances of παρουσια are in parallel with either Mark or Luke or both, on Olivet. Fourteen instances in Paul, seven of these in 1 and 2 Thessalonians. |
| πατηρ (used of God) | 45-5-17 | These instances encapsulate the following uses of πατηρ in distinct phrases. |
| πατηρ ημων, υμων, σου, αυτων | 20-1-3+0 | * Fourteen times in Paul (always ημων). The only Marcan instance is 11.25. |
| πατηρ ο εν [τοις] ουρανοις | 13-1-0+0 | * The only Marcan instance is 11.25. |
| πατηρ ο ουρανιος | 7-0-0+0 | * |
| πληροω (used of scriptures) | 12-1-2+3 | * Mark 14.49 parallels Matthew 26.56. |
| πονηρος (masculine) or πονηρον (neuter) | 5-0-0+0 | - |
| προβατον | 11-2-2+1 | Seventeen or nineteen instances in the fourth canonical gospel. |
| προς το (with infinitive) | 5-1-1+1 | Εις το with infinitive: 3-1-1+1. |
| προσερχομαι | 52-5-10+10 | *‡ |
| προσκυνεω | 13-2-3+4 | Luke 24.52 is textually questionable. Twenty-four instances in Revelation. Nine instances in John 4.20-24 alone. |
| προσφερω | 14-3-4+3 | Twenty instances in Hebrews. |
| ρηθεν | 12-0-0+0 | Also ρηθεις in Matthew 3.3. |
| Σαδδουκαιοι | 8-1-1+5 | ‡ |
| σαπρος | 5-0-2+0 | † |
| σεισμος | 4-1-1+1 | - |
| σκανδαλιζομαι εν | 4-1-1+0 | † |
| συλλεγω | 7-0-1+0 | ‡ (Six instances in Matthew 13.28-48 alone.) |
| συμβουλιον λαμβανω | 5-0-0+0 | Phrase does not occur elsewhere in the new testament. |
| συμφερει | 4-0-0+0 | ‡ |
| συναγω | 24-5-6+11 | In narrative: 10-5-1+9. |
| συνδουλος | 5-0-0+0 | ‡ (Four instances in Matthew 18.28-33 alone.) |
| συντελεια | 5-0-0+0 | ‡ Always with αιωνος in Matthew . Once with αιωνων in Hebrews 9.26. Never with either of these in the LXX. |
| σφοδρα | 7-1-1+1 | ‡ |
| ταλαντον | 14-0-0+0 | ‡ (Thirteen instances in Matthew 25.16-28 alone.) |
| ταφος | 6-0-0+0 | ‡ Also ταφη in Matthew 27.7 only. Mark and Luke use only μνημα and μνημειον. John uses only μνημειον, which Matthew uses as well. |
| τηρεω | 6-1-0+8 | ‡ |
| τι σοι, υμιν, [δοκει] | 6-0-0+0 | * Luke 10.36 comes close. |
| τοτε | 90-6-15+21 | *‡ Narrative, 60-0-2. Discourse, 30-6-13. Απο τοτε, 3-0-1. |
| τροφη | 4-0-1+7 | - |
| τυφλος used metaphorically | 6-0-0+0 | Not counting Matthew 15.14 (twice) and Luke 6.39 (twice) since it is the parable, not the word τυφλος, that serves as the metaphor. |
| υποκριτης | 13-1-3+0 | *‡ |
| υστερον | 7-0-1+0 | ‡ Also in Mark 16.14, the Long Ending . |
| φαινομαι | 13-1-2+0 | ‡ Also in Mark 16.9, the Long Ending . |
| φονευω | 5-1-1+0 | - |
| φρονιμος | 7-0-2+0 | ‡ Four instances in Matthew 25.1-9 alone. |
| χρυσος | 5-0-0+1 | ‡ |
| ωρα (with εκεινη in narrative) | 6-0-1+1 | Used of instantaneous cures in Matthew 8.13; 9.22; 15.28; 17.18. Also in John 4.53. |
| ωσπερ | 10-0-2+3 | *‡ |
| Word | Instances | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ακαθαρτος | 2-11-6+5 | - |
| αλαλος | 0-3-0+0 | - |
| απο μακροθεν | 2-5-2+0 | Luke twice has μακροθεν without απο. |
| διαστελλομαι | 0-5-0+1 | Matthew 16.20 has a textually questionable instance. |
| διδαχη | 3-5-1+4 | The verb διδασκω in narrative, 7-13-10. |
| εισπορευομαι | 1-8-5+4 | - |
| εκθαμβεομαι | 0-4-0+0 | * |
| εκπορευομαι | 5-11-3+3 | - |
| ελεγεν or ελεγον | 10-50-23+11 | Only 40 times at most in the LXX. Acts 25.20 has the first person singular. |
| εν τη οδω (on the journey) | 3-6-2+2 | Not counting Matthew 21.8 and Luke 19.36, in which the phrase means upon the road. |
| ερχεται, ερχονται (historic presents) | 3-24-1+0 | * Only 27 times in the LXX (B text), of which 26 are in 1 and 2 Kings. |
| ευαγγελιον | 4-7-0+2 | Always with της βασιλειας in Matthew, except at 26.13. |
| ευθεως, ευθυς | 18-41-7+10 | In narrative, 12-34-1. The LXX has only 21 instances in all. |
| θαμβεομαι | 0-3-0+0 | - |
| κατακειμαι | 0-4-3+2 | † |
| κεντυριων | 0-3-0+0 | - |
| κλασμα | 2-4-1+0 | † |
| κραβαττος | 0-5-0+2 | Four instances in John. |
| κρατεω | 12-15-2+4 | † |
| κυκλω | 0-3-1+0 | - |
| μαστιξ | 0-3-1+1 | - |
| μεθερμηνευομαι | 1-3-0+2 | - |
| ξηραινω | 3-6-1+0 | - |
| ο εστιν (sans participle) | 0-6-0+0 | * |
| οικια, οικος (sans mention of owner) | 5-7-0+0 | - |
| οταν (with indicative) | 0-3-0+0 | Possibly an indicative future in Luke 13.28. |
| οτι (as why) | 0-3-0+0 | Mark 2.16 may be textually questionable, and the interrogative sense is not beyond doubt. |
| ουκετι | 2-7-3+3 | With another negative, 1-6-1+1. |
| ουπω | 2-5-1+0 | - |
| παλιν | 17-28-3+5 | In narrative, 6-26-2. John has 44 instances, and 2 more in the Pericope de Adultera . |
| παραδοσις | 3-5-0+0 | (All Marcan instances come in 7.3-13.) |
| παριστημι (intransitive) | 0-6-2+8 | - |
| περιβλεπομαι | 0-6-1+0 | * |
| πληρωμα | 1-3-0+0 | Theologically in John 1.16 (the only instance in John). |
| πολλα (adverbial) | 0-9-0+0 | * |
| πρωι | 2-5-0+1 | Also questionably in Matthew 16.3, and in the Long Ending of Mark, 16.9. |
| σιωπαω | 2-5-2+1 | - |
| σταχυς | 1-3-1+0 | (Two instances in Mark 2.28 alone.) |
| συνζητεω | 0-6-2+2 | * |
| τοιουτος | 3-6-2+4 | † |
| φερω | 5-15-4+10 | - |
| Word or phrase. | Instances. | Notes. |
|---|---|---|
| αγαθοποιεω | 0-1-4+0 | ‡ |
| αδικια | 0-0-4+2 | ‡ |
| αδικος | 1-0-4+1 | - |
| αθετεω | 0-2-5+0 | † Four instances in Luke 10.16 alone; confer 1 Thessalonians 4.8. |
| αν (with optative) | 0-0-4+5 | Optative mood overall, 0-1-11+17. |
| αναστας, ανασταντες | 2-6-16+18 | Also in the long ending of Mark, 16.9. Confer εγερθεις in Matthew. |
| ανηρ | 8-4-27+100 | Confer ανθρωπος, 112-56-95+46. |
| ανθρωπε | 0-0-4+0 | Also in the textually questionable Luke 24.12. |
| απο του νυν | 0-0-5+1 | One instance in the Pericope de Adultera , John 8.11. |
| απολαμβανω | 0-1-4+0 | - |
| αποστολος | 1-2-6+28 | The instance in Mark 3.14 is textually questionable. |
| αρχοντες (of the Jewish leaders) | 0-0-4+5 | And it is Luke only who speaks of the rich youth as an αρχων (18.18). |
| αυτος ο | 1-1-11+2 | Also in the Long Ending of Mark, 16.14. With ημερα, ωρα, or καιρω, Luke has 9 instances, Acts 2. |
| αφαιρεω | 1-1-4+0 | - |
| αφιστημι | 0-0-4+6 | ‡ |
| αχρι | 0-1-4+15 | - |
| βαλλαντιον | 0-0-4+0 | ‡ |
| βιος | 0-1-4+0 | - |
| βρεφος | 0-0-5+1 | ‡ |
| γε | 1-0-8+4 | - |
| το γεγονος | 0-1-4+3 | Luke 24.12 is not reckoned. |
| γινομαι επι (with the accusative) | 1-1-6+5 | With the genitive in Luke 22.40. Acts 4.5; 19.10, referring to time, not counted. |
| γονεις | 1-1-6+0 | John 9 alone has 6 instances. |
| δεομαι | 1-0-8+7 | ‡ |
| δεκα | 3-1-10+1 | (Luke 19.13-25 alone has 6 instances; δεκα οκτω in Luke 13.4, 11, 16 not reckoned.) |
| δε και | 3-2-25+7 | * Paul has 22 instances in the epistles. |
| διαλογισμος | 1-1-6+0 | - |
| διανοιγω | 0-1-4+3 | - |
| διατασσω | 1-0-4+5 | - |
| διερχομαι | 1-2-10+20 | - |
| δικαιοω | 2-0-5+2 | The epistle of James has 3 instances. |
| δοξαζω τον θεον | 2-1-8+3 | Matthew 15.31 adds Ισραηλ. |
| εγενετο (followed by και) | 1-0-11+1 | * |
| εγενετο (followed by a finite verb) | 5-2-22+0 | * All 5 Matthean instances come after discourses of Jesus, with οτε ετελεσεν. |
| εγενετο (followed by an infinitive) | 0-1-5+16 | * See also Mark 2.15, γινεται; εγενετο in all, 13-16-71+52. |
| ει δε μηγε | 2-0-5+0 | Mark has 2 instances of ει δε μη. |
| ειη (optative) | 0-0-7+4 | Optative mood overall, 0-1-11+17. |
| ειμι (with dative) | 3-2-15+10 | Hawkins, page 38: ...the classification of instances is uncertain..., because of the difficulty of determining whether the dative is governed by the verb or by the accompanying noun. |
| ειναι (after preposition and article) | 0-0-7+3 | Paul has 9 instances, all of them being εις το ειναι. |
| ειπεν παραβολην | 0-1-7+0 | Mark 12.12 parallels Luke 20.19. |
| ειπεν δε, ειπαν δε | 0-0-59+15 | * Matthew 12.47 is textually questionable, and is not counted. |
| ειρηνη | 4-1-14+7 | Hawkins has 4-1-13+7, since for some reason he does not count Luke 24.36. |
| εισφερω | 1-0-4+1 | - |
| ελαχιστον (neuter sans noun) | 0-0-4+0 | Only once in the New Testament outside of Luke: 1 Corinthians 4.3. |
| ελεγεν δε, ελεγον δε | 1-1-9+0 | - |
| ελεος | 3-0-6+0 | - |
| Ελισαβετ | 0-0-9 | ‡ Not in Hawkins. |
| εν μια των | 0-0-5+0 | Only in Luke in the entire New Testament. |
| εν ταις ημεραις ταυταις | 0-0-4+3 | The more usual phrase is εν ταις ημεραις εκειναις, 3-4-5+3, of which in narrative, 1-2-3+1. |
| εν τω (with infinitive) | 3-2-32+7 | * |
| ενωπιον | 0-0-22+13 | *‡ Revelation alone has 33 instances. |
| εξαποστελλω | 0-0-4+7 | Thrice in Luke with κενους or κενον. |
| εξερχομαι απο | 5-1-13+3 | The phrase εξερχομαι εκ, 5-10-0+4. |
| επαιρω | 1-0-6+5 | ‡ With φωνην, 0-0-1+3. |
| επιδιδωμι | 2-0-5+2 | - |
| επιθυμεω | 2-0-4+1 | † |
| επιλαμβανομαι | 1-1-5+7 | - |
| επιστατης | 0-0-7+0 | *‡ |
| ερωταω | 4-3-15+7 | One instance in the Pericope de Adultera , John 8.7. Twenty-seven more instances in the rest of John. |
| ετερος | 8-0-33+17 | Confer αλλος, 30-22-10+5. One instance in the Long Ending of Mark, 16.12. |
| ετος | 1-2-15+11 | ‡ |
| ευαγγελιζομαι | 1-0-10+15 | ‡ Luke never has the noun ευαγγελιον, while Mark never has the verb ευαγγελιζομαι. |
| ευφραινω | 0-0-6+2 | ‡ Very frequent in the LXX. All Lucan instances are in parables. |
| εφιστημι | 0-0-7+11 | ‡ |
| εχω (with infinitive) | 1-0-5+6 | Once in the Pericope de Adultera , John 8.6. |
| Ζαχαριας | 1-0-10 | ‡ Not in Hawkins. |
| θαυμαζω επι | 0-0-4+1 | Confer εκθαυμαζω επι in Mark 12.17. |
| θεραπευω απο | 0-0-4+0 | In Luke 6.18 απο may depend rather on ενοχλουμενοι. Count does not include Luke 8.43. Only once in the LXX. |
| θυω | 1-1-4+4 | (Three instances in Luke 15.23-30 alone.) |
| ιαομαι | 4-1-11+4 | - |
| ιδου γαρ | 0-0-5+1 | Only once in the rest of the New Testament: 2 Corinthians 7.11. |
| Ιερουσαλημ | 2-0-27+36 | ‡ Confer Ιεροσολυμα, 11-10-4+0. Both Matthean instances come in 23.37. Always Ιερουσαλημ in the LXX, except in Tobit, Maccabees, and 1 Esdras A. |
| καθ ημεραν | 1-1-5+6 | Also κατα πασαν ημεραν in Acts 17.17. |
| και (in apodosis) | 0-0-4+1 | Not counting instances of εγενετο και, listed elsewhere. |
| και αυτος (and the other nominative pronouns) | 4-5-41+8 | Nominative pronouns without και, 17-11-23+19. |
| και ουτος (and the other nominative demonstratives) | 0-1-8+1 | - |
| καλουμενος (with names or appellations) | 0-0-11+13 | * Four instances in Revelation, and none other in the New Testament, since in Hebrews 5.4; 11.8 the meaning is summoned. |
| κατακλινω | 0-0-5+0 | ‡ No other instances in the New Testament. |
| κατανοεω | 1-0-4+4 | - |
| κειμαι | 3-0-6+0 | † The phrase κειμαι εις occurs twice in Luke, twice in Paul, and nowhere else in the New Testament. |
| κλαιω | 2-3-11+2 | With επι, 0-0-3+0. |
| κλινω | 1-0-4+0 | Used of ημερα, 0-0-2+0. |
| κοιλια (as womb) | 1-0-7+2 | Hawkins, page 43: In this sense frequent in LXX, but 'very rare in classical Greek' (Plummer on Lk i.15). |
| κριτης | 3-0-6+4 | † |
| κρουω | 2-0-4+2 | † |
| κυριος, ο (used of Jesus in narrative) | 0-0-13+0 | Also in the Long Ending of Mark, 16.19, 20. Thirteen instances in the gospel of Peter. Hawkins, page 43, notes that κυριος is very frequently used of the risen and ascended Christ in other parts of the New Testament. |
| Λαζαρος | 0-0-4 | ‡ Not in Hawkins. |
| λαος | 14-2-36+48 | See also πας ο λαος below. One instance in the Pericope de Adultera , John 8.2. |
| λεγω παραβολην | 0-0-6+0 | No other instances in the New Testament. |
| λιμνη | 0-0-5+0 | *‡ Six instances in Revelation, and none other in the rest of the New Testament. |
| λιμος | 1-1-4+2 | (Twice in Luke 15.14, 17.) |
| λογος του θεου, ο | 1-1-4+13 | But Matthew 15.6 is textually questionable. In Acts, perhaps also in 12.24. |
| λυχνος | 2-1-6+0 | † |
| Μαρθα | 0-0-4 | ‡ Not in Hawkins. |
| μετα ταυτα | 0-0-5+4 | Also in the Long Ending of Mark, 16.12. |
| μην | 0-0-5+5 | ‡ (Four instances in Luke 1.24-56 alone.) |
| μιμνησκομαι | 3-0-6+2 | † |
| μνα | 0-0-7+0 | ‡ (All seven Lucan instances occur in 14.13-25.) |
| νομικος | 1-0-6+0 | ‡ |
| νυν | 4-3-14+25 | Including απο του νυν, as listed above. |
| οικονομος | 0-0-4+0 | ‡ (Three instances in Luke 16.1-8 alone.) |
| οικος (as household or family) | 2-0-7+7 | Both Matthean instances are οικου Ισραηλ. Seven instances in the Pauline pastoral epistles. |
| ομοιως | 3-2-11+0 | - |
| ονομα (nominative, in the phrase whose name was) | 1-1-7+1 | But τουνομα in Matthew 27.57 may be an accusative. |
| ονοματι (by name) | 1-1-7+22 | - |
| ος (in attraction) | 2-1-11+23 | The only attraction considered is that of relative pronoun to noun. |
| ουχι... αλλα | 0-0-5+0 | - |
| παρα (as beyond) | 0-0-4+0 | Acts 18.13 is not reckoned, as the sense seems to be contrary to. |
| παρα τους ποδας | 1-0-4+5 | Confer προς τους ποδας, 0-2-1+1. |
| παραγινομαι | 3-1-8+20 | One instance in the Pericope de Adultera , John 8.2. |
| παραχρημα | 2-0-10+6 | *‡ Both Matthean instances occur in 21.19-20. |
| παρεχω | 1-1-4+5 | † With κοπον or κοπους, 1-1-2. |
| πας, or απας, ο λαος | 1-0-10+6 | See also λαος above. One instance in the Pericope de Adultera , John 8.2. |
| πειρασμος | 2-1-6+1 | † |
| πεμπω | 4-1-10+11 | † |
| πιμπλημι | 2-0-13+9 | ‡ |
| πληθος | 0-2-8+16 | ‡ The phrase παν, or απαν, το πληθος, 0-0-4+3. |
| πλην | 5-1-15+4 | - |
| πλουσιος | 3-2-11+0 | - |
| πρασσω | 0-0-6+13 | ‡ |
| προς (used of speaking to) | 1-5-99+52 | * Hawkins has 0-5-99+52, since he for some reason does not count Matthew 3.15. |
| προσδεχομαι | 0-1-5+2 | - |
| προσδοκαω | 2-0-6+5 | - |
| προστιθημι | 2-1-7+6 | Including προσεθετο with the infinitive, 0-0-2+1. |
| προσφωνεω | 1-0-4+2 | - |
| ρημα | 5-2-19+14 | - |
| στραφεις | 3-0-7+0 | Always used of Jesus except in Matthew 7.6 and John 20.16. Mark uses επιστραφεις twice (5.30; 8.33). |
| συγγενευς, συγγενης, συγγελνις | 0-1-5+1 | Confer συγγενεια, 0-0-1+2. |
| συλλαμβανω | 1-1-7+4 | (Used in three different senses: Of conception, of assisting, and of capturing.) |
| συν | 4-6-23+52 | - |
| συνεχω | 1-0-6+3 | ‡ |
| συνκαλεω | 0-1-4+3 | - |
| σωτηρια | 0-0-4+6 | ‡ Also σωτηρ, 0-0-2+2, and σωτηριον, 0-0-2+2. |
| τε | 3-0-9+134 | Several questionable readings in Acts. |
| τις (with optative) | 0-1-7+4 | Optative mood overall, 0-1-11+17. |
| τις εξ υμων | 2-0-5+0 | See also Luke 11.11, τινα εξ υμων, and 14.5, τινος υμων. |
| τις (with nouns) | 1-2-38+63 | * |
| το (before interrogative τις or τι) | 0-0-5+18 | Similar use of το before πως in Luke 22.2, 4; Acts 4.21. |
| το, τα (before prepositions) | 1-2-8+15 | - |
| του (before the infinitive) | 6-0-20+0 | * |
| τουτον (as him) | 1-0-7+10 | Also ταυτην in Luke 13.16. |
| υπαρχω | 3-0-15+25 | *‡ Also τα υπαρχοντα, 3-0-8+1. |
| υποστρεφω | 0-0-21+11 | *‡ |
| υψιστος | 1-2-7+2 | - |
| υψοω | 3-0-6+3 | † |
| φατνη | 0-0-4+0 | ‡ (Three instances in Luke 2.7-16 alone.) |
| φιλος | 1-0-15+3 | *‡ |
| φοβεομαι (of fearing God) | 1-0-6+5 | - |
| φυλασσω | 1-1-6+8 | - |
| φωνη (with γινομαι) | 0-2-4+4 | - |
| χαιρω (of rejoicing, not greeting) | 3-1-11+5 | - |
| χαρις | 0-0-8+17 | *‡ |
| χηρα | 0-3-9+3 | Seven instances in 1 Timothy. |
| ως (as when) | 0-1-19+29 | One instance in the Pericope de Adultera , John 8.7. |
| ωσει | 3-1-9+6 | But Luke 22.44 is textually questionable. |
From John S. Hawkins, Horae Synopticae, pages 1-53.
